50 Significant Events – Nazism:
None
1517, "95 Theses"
1523, "On Secular Authority"
1543, "On the Jews and Their Lies"
1843, "The Jewish Question"
1859, "On the Origin of Species"
1873, Pastoral Letter on
Kulturkampf
1889, Hitler is born
1906, Bonhoeffer is born
1917, Bolshevik Revolution
1918, Abdication
1919, Nazi Party is founded
1923, Beer Hall Putsch
1929, Stock Market Crash
1930, "Earthquake" Election
1933, Hitler becomes Chancellor
1933, Ludendorff’s prophecy
1933, Nazis ban opposition
1933, Reichstag Fire Decree
1933, Book Burning
1933, Dachau
1933, Enabling Act
1933, ‘Aryan’ Paragraph
1933, Concordat
1933, Krause Sportpalast Speech
1933, Jews are banned from citizenship
1933, Nazis legalize euthanasia
1933, Niemöller forms PEL
1933, Müller becomes Reichsbishof
1933, Hess declares party neutrality in “Church Struggle”
1934, Barmen Declaration
1934, Night of the Long Knives
1934,
Führer
and
Reichkanzler
1934, "Triumph of the Will"
1934, Dahlem Synod
1935, Finkenwalde
1935, Reich Citizenship Law
1936, "Hitler Memo"
1937, Niemöller becomes "personal prisoner" of Hitler
1937,
Mit brennender sorge
1938, November 9 Pogrom, or
Kristallnacht
1939, Godesberg Declaration
1939, Pope Pius XII
1941, Operation Barbarossa
1941, "Final Solution"
1942, Wannsee Conference
1944, Operation Valkyrie
1945, Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt
1945, Nuremberg Trials
1947, Darmstadt Declaration
1962, Second Vatican Council
Religious Declarations – Nazism:
None
1873, Catholic Bishops in Germany Issue a Pastoral Letter
1933, Cardinal Pacelli Signs the Concordat with the Third Reich
1933, Reinhold Krause Delivers Sportpalast Speech
1934, Delegates Produce the Barmen Declaration
1936, Niemöller Sends the "Hitler Memo"
1937, Pope Pius XI Issues Encyclical Mit brennender sorge
1939, Eleven Regional Churches Sign the Godesberg Declaration
1945, Evangelical Church in Germany Issues Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt
1947, Confessing Church Issues Darmstadt Declaration
1962, Catholic Church Issues Nostra Aetate
1983, LCMS Issues Resolution About Antisemitism
1994, ELCA Issues Declaration About Antisemitism
Antisemitic Legislation – Germany:
None
1933, Reichstag Fire Decree
1933, Enabling Act
1933, Law for Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
1933, Law Concerning Admission to the Legal Profession
1933, Decree Regarding Physicians’ Services
1933, Law Against the Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities
1933, Law for Reduction of Unemployment
1933, Citizenship and Denaturalization Law
1933, Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring
1933, Hereditary Farm Law
1933, Law on Editors
1934, Law for the Emergency Defense of the State
1934, Law on the Head of State of the German Reich
1935, Law on the Wealth Formation within the Evangelical Church Bodies
1935, Army Law
1935, Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor
1935, Reich Citizenship Law
1935, Law to Restore Order to the German Evangelical Church
1936, Executive Order on the Reich Tax Law
1936, Reich Veterinarians Law
1936, Reich Ministry of Education Law
1938, Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names
1938, Law on the Profession of Auctioneer
1938, Gun Law
1938, Decree Against the Camouflage of Jewish Firms
1938, Order for the Disclosure of Jewish Assets
1938, Jews banned from health spas
1938, Jews banned from buying lottery tickets
1938, Amendment to the Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names
1938, Decree on the Confiscation of Jewish Property
1938, Invalidation of Jewish Passports
1938, Decree on the Exclusion of Jews from German Economic Life
1938, Atonement Fine
1938, Expulsion of Jewish children from public schools
1938, Restriction on Jewish freedom of movement
1938, Jews cannot keep carrier pigeons
1938, Executive Order on the Law on the Organization of National Work
1938, Law on Midwives
1939, Decree Concerning the Surrender of Precious Metals and Stones in Jewish Ownership
1941, Star of David
Biographical Timeline – Hitler:
None
Hitler, 1889, Birth
Hitler, 1919, German Worker’s Party
Hitler, 1923, Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler, 1925, Termination of Austrian citizenship
Hitler, 1928, Unbanned
Hitler, 1932, Negotiations in Fürstenberg
Hitler, 1932, Rejects Vice-Chancellorship
Hitler, 1933, Negotiations with Papen
Hitler, 1933, Chancellor
Hitler, 1933, Accused of demagoguery
Hitler, 1933, Promises to rid Germany of SA
Hitler, 1933, Counter Boycott
Hitler, 1933, Hitler orders harassment of Catholic churches cease
Hitler, 1934, Criticized by Papen
Hitler, 1934, Operation Hummingbird (Night of the Long Knives)
Hitler, 1934, Military swears allegiance
Hitler, 1935, Creates Ministry for Church Affairs
Hitler, 1937, Hanisch dies
Hitler, 1938, Anschluss
Hitler, 1938, Munich Agreement (Sudetenland)
Hitler, 1939, Case Green (Czechoslovakia)
Hitler, 1939, Case White (Poland)
Hitler, 1940, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium fall to Germany
Hitler, 1940, Case Yellow (France)
Hitler, 1941, Operation Barbarossa (Russia)
Hitler, 1941, Orders Jews to the East
Hitler, 1942, Wannsee Conference
Hitler, 1942, "Prophecy"
Hitler, 1943, Escapes Death
Hitler, 1944, Escapes Death (Operation Valkyrie)
Hitler, 1945, Suicide
Biographical Timelines – Nazism:
None
Luther, 1483, Birth
Luther, 1502, Bachelor’s Degree
Luther, 1505, Master’s Degree
Luther, 1505, Vow
Luther, 1505, Novice
Luther, 1507, Ordination
Luther, 1511, Chair of Scriptural Theology
Luther, 1512, Doctorate
Luther, 1517, "95 Theses"
Luther, 1520, "The Freedom of a Christian"
Luther, 1521, Excommunication
Luther, 1523, "On Secular Authority"
Luther, 1525, Marriage
Luther, 1525, "The Bondage of the Will"
Luther, 1528, "On Baptism"
Luther, 1543, “On the Jews and Their Lies”
Luther, 1546, Death
Pius XI, 1857, Birth
Pius XI, 1879, Ordination
Pius XI, 1918, Apostolic Visitor to Poland
Pius XI, 1919, Papal Nuncio to Warsaw
Pius XI, 1921, Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan
Pius XI, 1922, Pope Pius XI
Pius XI, 1933, Papan orchestrates signing of Reichskonkordt
Pius XI, 1933, Reichskonkordat is delivered to Rome
Pius XI, 1933, Approves signing of Reichskonkordat
Pius XI, 1933, Reichskonkordat is ratified
Pius XI, 1937, Mit brennender sorge
Pius XI, 1939, Death
Kollwitz, 1867, Birth
Kollwitz, 1891, Marriage
Kollwitz, 1892, Son Hans is born
Kollwitz, 1893, "The Weavers"
Kollwitz, 1896, Son Peter is born
Kollwitz, 1901, "The Peasants’ War"
Kollwitz, 1914, Son Peter dies during World War I
Kollwitz, 1914, "War"
Kollwitz, 1921, Grandson Peter is born
Kollwitz, 1940, Husband Karl dies
Kollwitz, 1942, Grandson Peter dies during World War II
Kollwitz, 1945, Death
Pius XII, 1876, Birth
Pius XII, 1899, Ordination
Pius XII, 1917, Papal Nuncio to Bavaria
Pius XII, 1930, Cardinal and Secretary of State for the Vatican
Pius XII, 1939, Pope Pius XII
Pius XII, 1950, Doctrine of the Assumption of Mary
Pius XII, 1958, Death
Pius XII, 1963, The Deputy portrays Pius XII as guilty of silence during Holocaust
Niemöller, 1892, Birth
Niemöller, 1933, Pastor’s Emergency League (PEL)
Niemöller, 1936, "Hitler Memo"
Niemöller, 1937, Conviction
Niemöller, 1937, Solitary Confinement
Niemöller, 1937, Sentencing
Niemöller, 1941, Transfer to Dachau
Bonhoeffer, 1906, Birth
Bonhoeffer, 1923, Tübingen University
Bonhoeffer, 1924, Italy
Bonhoeffer, 1928, Spain
Bonhoeffer, 1930, New York
Bonhoeffer, 1931, Berlin
Bonhoeffer, 1933, "The Church and the Jewish Question"
Bonhoeffer, 1934, London
Bonhoeffer, 1934, Barmen Declaration
Bonhoeffer, 1935, Finkenwalde
Bonhoeffer, 1937, "The Cost of Discipleship"
Bonhoeffer, 1937, Gestapo closes Finkenwalde
Bonhoeffer, 1938, Sister emigrates from Germany
Bonhoeffer, 1943, Arrest
Bonhoeffer, 1945, Hanged at Flossenburg
Enter year:
Select political pattern:
None
Tyrants are born
Resistance figures are born
Pre-fascist governments are formed
Secret societies are founded
Fascist parties are formed
Nationalists mount rebellions
Nationalists launch propaganda newspapers
Book burnings occur
Nationalists release (nationalistic) propaganda films
Earthquake elections occur
Tyrants are elected
Prophetic statements are made about fascist takeovers
Protestants issue declarations against fascism
Catholic Church issues a critique of nationalism
Nationalists penalize targets for financial damages
Nationalists release (genocidal) propaganda films
Institutes are founded
Genocide/Torture of Scapegoats Escalates
Assassinations are attempted or succeed
Churches issue accountability statements
Trials are held
Select common events:
None
1876, Eugenio Pacelli (Pope Pius XII) is Born
1899, Eugenio Pacelli (Pope Pius XII) is Ordained
1917, Eugenio Pacelli (Pope Pius XII) becomes Papal Nuncio to Bavaria
1919, Versailles Treaty
1929, Stock Market Crash
1930, Eugenio Pacelli (Pope Pius XII) becomes Cardinal and Secretary of State for the Vatican
1939, Eugenio Pacelli is named Pope Pius XII
1950, Pope Pius XII proclaims infallible the Doctrine of the Assumption of Mary
1958, Pope Pius XII dies
1958, John Paul XXIII succeeds Pius XII
1962, Second Vatican Council
Which came first?
None
Laws against Catholics are passed in Germany or South Africa?
Nationalistic secret societies are founded in Germany or South Africa?
The Bolshevik Revolution unfolds in Russia, or the Communist Party is established in South Africa?
Propaganda newspapers are published in Germany or South Africa?
Hitler is named Chancellor in Germany, or Nationalists restrict Jewish immigration in South Africa?
Prophetic condemnations are uttered in Germany or South Africa?
Book burnings occur in Germany or South Africa?
Concentration camps are opened in Germany or South Africa?
Intermarriage is banned in Germany or South Africa?
Kristallnacht occurs, or Nationalists sponsor centennial celebrations of the “Great Trek” in South Africa?
Bonhoeffer is hanged in Germany, or Mandela gets married in South Africa?
Churches issue apologies in Germany, or Catholic seminaries are segregated in South Africa?
The Catholic Church opens the Second Vatican Council, or Beyers Naudé founds the Christian Institute in South Africa?
50 Significant Events – Apartheid:
None
1535, "Institutes of the Christian Religion"
1652, Dutch settle the Cape
1834, England abolishes slavery
1834, The "Great Trek" Commences
1838, Battle of Blood River
1857, DRC rules in favor of separation
1884, "Scramble for Africa"
1899, Second South African War
1901, Lizzie van Zyl
1901, Verwoerd is born
1902, Treaty of Vereeniging
1910, Union of South Africa
1912, African National Congress (ANC) is founded
1914, National Party (NP) is founded
1914, Maritz Rebellion
1916,
"De Voortrekkers"
1918, Mandela is born
1921, Broederbond
1929, Stock Market Crash
1931, Desmond Tutu is born
1936, Greyshirts protest arrival of Jews
1938, Centennial celebrations of "Great Trek"
1939, Pope Pius XII
1940, Hertzog’s prophecy
1943, Election results please Malan
1948, Nationalists take power
1948, SABRA
1955, Book Burning
1955, Freedom Day
1958, Verwoerd becomes Prime Minister
1960, Sharpeville Massacre
1960, Group Areas Act
1960, Cottesloe Declaration
1961, uMkhonto we Sizwe
1962, Second Vatican Council
1963, Christian Institute
1964, Mandela’s Speech
1966, Verwoerd is assassinated
1968, SACC’s "Message to the People of South Africa"
1976, Soweto Uprising
1977, Biko is killed
1977, Koinonia Declaration
1982, Apartheid is declared a theological heresy
1985, Cradock Four are killed
1985, Kairos Document
1986, Guguletu Seven are killed
1994, Democratic elections are held
1994, President Mandela
1996, Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
1997, Dutch Reformed Churches apologize
Religious Declarations – Apartheid:
None
1944, Pope Pius XII Delivers Radio Message to the South African People
1952, SACBC Issues a Statement
1957, Pope Pius XII Issues Encyclical Fidei Donum
1957, SACBC Issues a Statement
1960, Marais Publishes Delayed Action
1960, SACBC Issues a Pastoral Letter
1960, WCC Issues Cottesloe Declaration
1962, Second Vatican Council
1968, SACC Issues Message to the People of South Africa
1972, SACBC Issues A Call to Conscience Addressed to Catholics in South Africa
1974, NGK Adopts Human Relations and the South African Scene in the Light of Scriptures
1975, Schlebusch Parliamentary Commission Releases its Report
1977, SACBC Issues a Statement
1977, Gereformeerde Kerk Issues the Koinonia Declaration
1980, Stellenbosch Lecturers Publish Reformed Day Witness
1982, WCC Declares Apartheid to be a Theological Heresy
1985, Black South African Theologians Issue the Kairos Document
1997, Dutch Reformed Churches Testify Before the TRC
2003, UNAIDS Workshop Issues Windhoek Report
Racist Legislation – South Africa:
None
1913, Native Land Act
1926, Mines and Work Amendment Act
1926, Balfour Declaration
1927, Immorality Act
1930, Immigration Quota Act
1930, Women’s Enfranchisement Bill
1936, Representation of Natives Act
1948, Electoral Laws Amendment Act
1948, Asiatic Laws Amendment Act
1949, Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act
1949, South West Africa Act
1950, Immorality Act
1950, Population Registration Act
1950, Suppression of Communism Act
1950, Group Areas Act
1951, Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act
1952, Natives Act
1952, Native Laws Amendment Act
1953, Public Safety Act
1953, Criminal Law Amendment Act
1953, Bantu Education Act
1953, Reservation of Separate Amenities Act
1954, Natives Resettlement Act
1954, Native Trust and Land Amendment Act
1955, Natives (Urban Areas) Amendment Act
1955, Criminal Procedure and Evidence Amendment Act
1955, Departure from the Union Regulation Act
1956, Separate Representation of Voters Act
1956, Riotous Assemblies and Suppression of Communism Amendment Act
1956, Native Administration Amendment Act
1956, Natives (Prohibition of Interdict) Act
1957, Group Areas Amendment Act
1958, Electoral Laws Amendment Act
1959, Criminal Procedure Amendment Act
1959, Prisons Act
1959, Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Bill
1960, Factories, Machinery, and Building Work Amendment Act
1960, Senate Act
1961, Republic of South Africa Constitution Act
1961, General Law Amendment Act
1961, Police Amendment Act
1961, Indemnity Act
1961, Urban Bantu Councils Act
1961, Defense Amendment Act
1962, General Law Further Amendment Act
1963, Rural Coloured Areas Act
1963, Aliens Control Act
1963, Better Administration of Designated Areas Act
1963, Explosives Amendment Act
1963, Publications and Entertainment Act
1963, Defense Further Amendment Act
1963, National Film Board Act
1963, Births, Marriages, and Deaths Registration Act
1964, Bantu Laws Amendment Act
1965, Criminal Sentences Amendment Act
1965, Prisons Amendment Act
1965, Criminal Procedure Amendment Act
1965, Copyright Act
1966, Civil Defense Act
1967, Border Control Act
1967, Terrorism Act
1967, Physical Planning and Utilization of Resources Act
1968, Prohibition of Political Interference Act
1970, Black Homeland Citizenship Act
1974, Afrikaans Medium Decree
Biographical Timeline – Verwoerd:
None
1901, Birth
1903, Emigrates from the Netherlands
1917, Returns to South Africa from Rhodesia
1928, Chair of Applied Psychology, Stellenbosch University
1937, Edits Die Transvaler
1958, "Purifies" SABRA
1958, Prime Minister
1960, Pratt’s Assassination Attempt
1966, Tsafendas Assassinates Verwoerd
Biographical Timelines – Apartheid:
None
Calvin, 1509, Birth
Calvin, 1533, Joins Reformation
Calvin, 1535, "Institutes of the Christian Religion"
Calvin, 1541, Geneva
Calvin, 1564, Death
Pius XII, 1876, Birth
Pius XII, 1899, Ordination
Pius XII, 1917, Papal Nuncio to Bavaria
Pius XII, 1930, Cardinal and Secretary of State for the Vatican
Pius XII, 1939, Pope Pius XII
Pius XII, 1944, Radio Message
Pius XII, 1950, Doctrine of the Assumption of Mary
Pius XII, 1951, Establishes Ecclesiastical Hierarchy in South Africa
Pius XII, 1957, Fidei Donum
Pius XII, 1958, Death
Mandela, 1918, Birth
Mandela, 1944, Marriage to Evelyn
Mandela, 1952, Defiance Campaign
Mandela, 1955, Freedom Charter
Mandela, 1957, Divorces Evelyn
Mandela, 1958, Marriage to Winnie Madikizela
Mandela, 1961, Launches uMkhonto we Sizwe
Mandela, 1962, Arrested in Howick
Mandela, 1963, Rivonia Trial
Mandela, 1964, "I am prepared to die" Speech
Mandela, 1969, Transfers to Robben Island
Mandela, 1982, Transfers to Pollsmoor Prison
Mandela, 1990, Released from Prison
Mandela, 1994, President
Biko, 1946, Birth
Biko, 1971, Black Theology Seminar, Pietermaritzburg
Biko, 1977, Arrested
Biko, 1977, Tortured in prison
Biko, 1977, Death
Tutu, 1931, Birth
Tutu, 1978, SACC
Tutu, 1986, Archbishop of Cape Town
Tutu, 1996, Opens Truth and Reconciliation Commission
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